📖 The History of Jews Under Muslim Rule – A Chronological Breakdown

📌 Complete Timeline with Hyperlinks

🔹 Introduction: The Forgotten Muslim-Jewish History

• The speaker highlights how the Muslim world’s historical treatment of Jews differs vastly from Christian Europe’s history of anti-Semitism.

• Given modern tensions in Gaza and Palestine, it’s crucial to understand the 1,500-year history of Jews living under Muslim rule.

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🔹 The Jewish Diaspora Begins (70 CE)

• In 70 CE, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in Jerusalem, forcing Jews to scatter across the world.

• For the next 1,500 years before 1947, Jews lived under either Christian or Muslim rule.

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🔹 Christian Europe’s Systematic Persecution of Jews

• Christians blamed Jews for killing Jesus (“Christ Killers”), leading to systematic discrimination.

• Jews were:

• Denied citizenship and land ownership.

• Forced to live in “ghettos” (a term originating in Venice, 1200s).

• Banned from most professions, leading many to become money lenders since Christians were forbidden from charging interest.

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🔹 The First Crusades & Massacres of Jews (1096-1097)

• Before reaching Jerusalem, Crusaders massacred Jewish communities in Europe.

• Entire cities in Germany were wiped out, and synagogues were burned with women and children inside.

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🔹 The Catholic Church’s Anti-Jewish Decrees (1215-1290)

• In 1215, the Vatican mandated Jews wear different clothing, live in segregated areas, and work in limited professions.

• In 1290, England expelled all Jews, a ban that lasted 400 years.

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🔹 The Expulsion of Jews from Spain (1492)

• After Muslims lost control of Andalusia, Ferdinand and Isabella forced all Jews to convert or leave Spain.

• Over 500,000 Jews were expelled, marking one of the largest forced migrations in Jewish history.

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🔹 The Holocaust: A Continuation of European Anti-Semitism

• Hitler did not invent anti-Semitism; he tapped into centuries of Christian European hatred.

• The term “anti-Semitism” itself was created by Christians, and for over a thousand years, Jews suffered under European persecution.

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🔹 Jewish Life Under Muslim Rule: A Sharp Contrast

• Muslims provided refuge for Jews in places like Baghdad, Isfahan, and Yemen.

• In 637 CE, when Umar (RA) conquered Jerusalem, Jews were allowed to return and rebuild synagogues, which had been banned under Christian rule.

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🔹 The Golden Age of Jewish-Muslim Relations in Andalusia

• Muslims ruled Spain for over 700 years, fostering a period of cultural and intellectual exchange.

• Some of the greatest Jewish scholars, like Moses Maimonides, were deeply influenced by Islamic philosophy.

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🔹 The Unique Case of the Jewish Vizier in Granada (1066)

• A Jewish vizier rose to power in Granada and even led Muslim armies against Christian forces.

• However, his son attempted to betray Muslim rulers, leading to a violent backlash against Jews.

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🔹 The Ottoman Empire Welcomes Jewish Refugees (1492-1600s)

• After Spain expelled its Jewish population, the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II issued a decree welcoming them.

• Hundreds of thousands of Jews settled in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and the Balkans, where they thrived under Muslim rule.

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🔹 Muslim Leaders Who Protected Jews During the Holocaust

• Some Muslim rulers actively protected Jews from Nazi persecution, including:

• The Sultan of Morocco, who refused to hand over Jews to Nazi forces.

• The Grand Imam of Paris, who forged Muslim IDs to protect Jewish refugees.

• Muslims in Bosnia and Tunisia, who defied Nazi orders.

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🔹 The Creation of Israel & The Departure of Jews From Muslim Lands (1947-1950s)

• After 1947, Jews were encouraged to migrate from Muslim lands to Israel with promises of land and citizenship.

• Within a few decades, 900,000 Jews left Arab and Muslim lands, many voluntarily, while others felt pressured due to rising tensions.

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🔹 Racial Hierarchies in Israel: Jewish Discrimination Against Jews

• Jews in Israel are divided into three main groups:

1. Ashkenazi Jews (European Jews) – Most powerful, wealthy, and secular.

2. Sephardic Jews (Spanish/Andalusian Jews) – Treated as second-class citizens.

3. Mizrahi Jews (Arab & Iranian Jews) – Most religious, often discriminated against.

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🔹 The Forgotten Muslim-Jewish Relationship

• Despite centuries of peaceful coexistence under Muslim rule, modern politics have overshadowed this history.

• Muslims protected Jews when Christian Europe persecuted them, but today, Israel commits injustices against Palestinians.

• The speaker emphasizes:

• Muslims historically treated Jews with dignity due to Islamic teachings, not as a favor.

• Today, those who once sought refuge among Muslims have become oppressors in Palestine.

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🎯 Final Takeaways

✅ Muslims historically provided protection and prosperity for Jewish communities.

✅ Jews flourished in Islamic Spain, Baghdad, and the Ottoman Empire.

✅ The Holocaust and centuries of anti-Semitism were European, not Muslim, phenomena.

✅ Modern Zionism has erased the history of Muslim-Jewish harmony.

✅ Even within Israel, racial discrimination persists among different Jewish ethnicities.

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